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Faridah Àbíké-ÍyímídéA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of gender discrimination, death, racism, death by suicide, abuse, substance use, mental illness, rape, sexual harassment, and sexual violence.
Where Sleeping Girls Lie is a story about how often people in power have almost unchecked ability to control and abuse those beneath them. Alfred Nobel Academy is rife with patriarchal ideals, rape culture, and sexual harassment hidden under tight layers of silence, secrets, and the perceived need to adhere to tradition. This abuse is born from and sustained by a long legacy of misogyny and patriarchy that has shaped the school as well as Western culture more broadly. It has become so normalized over the years that it is almost invisible.
ANA is an elite boarding school that remains covered in signs of the patriarchal masculinity that shaped it. The school, for example, is named after “an old white guy” who “was not that fond of women or people of color” (10), and his statue still graces the campus. Likewise, many of the school’s rooms and houses are also named “after dead white men” (59), suggesting ANA has made no effort to reckon with or understand the consequences of this legacy. Slowly, some students are beginning to challenge the school’s tendency to glorify problematic figures, such as members of Franklin House vandalizing Benjamin Franklin’s portrait and “rejecting” the house being named after a known “misogynist.” Despite isolated incidents of rebellion, the institution itself is committed to maintaining the status quo, willfully turning a blind eye to the incidents of sexual harassment and abuse that are commonplace.
This legacy of misogynistic dominance persists with an unbridled sense of entitlement among ANA’s male student body and the institution’s special treatment of their “golden boys”: wealthy, handsome, athletic boys from well-connected families that all but rule the school. They are “boys with everything,” dangerous “because even the moon, the skies, and the earth could not sate them” (372). They have always been given special treatment and believe they deserve it. This sense of entitlement often manifests as blatant sexism and the mistreatment and abuse of their female classmates. Jude Ripley’s reputation as a rapist is an open secret at ANA. He has abused and threatened countless girls, yet he remains protected by the institutional privilege appointed to him by his race, gender, and socioeconomic position. Even when girls try to report him, the school not only sides with Jude but threatens girls like Elizabeth with retribution.
Sade and Persephone’s first attempt to expose the harmful and sexist Fishermen chat is largely a failure. The school is more concerned with punishing the students responsible for exposing “the private lives of the boys at [ANA]” rather than punishing the boys themselves (379). However, Sade and Persephone refuse to concede and admit to being powerless. They turn NotSoNoble into a place where survivors can share their stories, taking control of their own narrative and seeing that they are not alone. While many of the boys still don’t face significant consequences, the girls feel they have at least broken through the silence and secrecy that allows sexual violence and harassment to proliferate unchecked.
Sade comes to ANA having lost both her parents and her sister and spending her entire life being told she is “a cursed thing” (27). She experiences many lasting impacts of her trauma, including anxiety, panic attacks, nightmares, hallucinations, and a crushing sense of guilt, above all for her sister’s suicide. Sade arrives at ANA feeling isolated and alone; however, over the course of the novel she begins to heal. She realizes that the effects of her trauma will never fully go away, but she learns to live with them, coming to understand that they don’t have to define her.
Ever since she was a child, Sade experienced depression, which runs through her mother’s side of the family and has multiple times become deadly when combined with relationships with toxic men. Sade’s mother died by suicide when Sade was 10 years old, and Sade was the one to find her mother’s body in the bathtub. After her mother’s death, Sade’s sense that “the whole world was so bleak and helpless” (311) became overwhelming at times and was compounded by the intense isolation her father imposed on her and her twin sister. When Jamila died by suicide, Sade’s father blamed Sade for not taking care of her sister and lamented that he had “nothing left.” Her father’s accusations and Sade’s own guilt for not speaking to her sister for months before her suicide, combined with Sade’s aunt’s insistence that twins “split to purge the evil part of the soul” and that Sade was “the bad one” (310), make Sade feel like the constant misfortunes in her life were her fault.
Sade arrives at ANA believing she is “broken” and that “[a]ll the bad things that happened and continued to happen around her were clearly her doing” (125). Nevertheless, she is brave enough to start facing her trauma. She is determined to “be normal” and “make friends” as well as avenge her sister. She isn’t sure she deserves friends like Elizabeth and Baz and worries that her bad luck will hurt them, but she reaches out anyway and is constantly surprised when her new friends reciprocate. She thinks it is “weird” when Baz looks glad to see her, and she is puzzled by Persephone’s flirtatious advances, all because she has internalized her father’s criticism that she is “a bad omen” and unlovable (27).
When Juliette accidentally takes the Rohypnol in Sade’s desk, her anxiety suddenly returns full force, and she again becomes convinced that “everything [is] always her fault” (307). She is sure she is losing the new life she has so carefully built. However, her friends trust her and forgive her. By the end of the novel, Sade has come to understand that “the crushing weight of the past” (396) will never truly go away, but it does not define her or mean that she is “broken or weak” (398). Her experiences have “shaped” her, but she will “learn how to live, in spite of it” (398).
Where Sleeping Girls Lie is a story about the importance of friendship and support systems when combating trauma. Sade arrives at Alfred Nobel Academy after being homeschooled and losing her parents and sister. She is intensely isolated and experiences a number of mental health conditions and trauma responses. At ANA, she begins uncovering more dark secrets full of violence and abuse. However, despite this, she starts to make friends and build community at ANA, allowing her to begin healing and find happiness for the first time.
After Sade’s mother died by suicide, her father insisted on homeschooling Sade and Jamila. He kept them isolated at home, with only one another for company. However, Sade’s isolation deepened when Jamila was given permission to attend a nearby private school. Sade felt so betrayed that she refused to speak to her sister for months, even after Jamila dropped out of school and began showing her own signs of trauma. Jamila died by suicide, and their father died soon after of a heart attack, leaving Sade completely alone. At ANA, when Sade begins to connect with her peers and build friendships for the first time, she notices a significant drop in her depression and anxiety. Even things that used to trigger her, like returning to “the emptiness and silence of [her] room” (182), affect her less because she is comforted by the new warmth of friendship and community. Sade’s relationships also prioritize love, friendship, and community over romantic, heterosexual relationships, becoming an important symbolic tool in fighting the misogyny and gender-based violence at the school. By decentralizing heterosexual romance, Sade and her friends give men less power over women.
While Sade’s story shows the lifesaving effects of friendship and community, the novel also delves into the potentially devastating effects of navigating trauma without a strong support system. Both Elizabeth and Jamila are isolated by their experiences with sexual violence. They are accused of lying when they try to share their stories and have no one they feel they can trust and confide in. Both Elizabeth and Jamila desperately seek community following their ordeals; their only refuge is online forums where other survivors share their stories and connect with one another. However, for Jamila, it isn’t enough, and her pain overcomes her. At the end of the novel, Sade recognizes how much her support system has helped her to recover and wonders if things would have been different for girls like her sister if they had help and counseling.
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